Current Issue : January-March Volume : 2010 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 21 Articles
To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of Bridelia retusa Spreng. bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg i.p). The acute and chronic study included the measurement of blood glucose level at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 24 hrs and on 15th day after administration of extracts. Glibenclamide was used as a standard (5 mg/kg orally). Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed more significant (**P<0.001) reduction in blood glucose level when compared with diabetic control. Similarly, it exhibited significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and urea level and increases the serum insulin level in alloxan induced diabetic rats. An oral glucose tolerance test showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance in the animals treated with ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. Histopathological estimation of pancrease showed regeneration of β-cells. The results obtained were compared with reference standard drug glibenclamide. The present study concluded that, the Bridelia retusa is an effective herb against alloxan-induced diabetes and also in preventing the metabolic alteration induced as the consequence of diabetes....
The present investigation evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Citrullus colocynthis on liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase in the liver of control and alloxan-diabetic rats. Oral administration of leaf suspension of Citrullus colocynthis (250mg and 500mg /kg body weight) for 60 days resulted in momentous reduction in blood glucose (from 381 ± 34 to 105 ± 35), glycosylated hemoglobin, a decrease in the activities of glucose-6 phosphatase and fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase, and an increase in the activity of liver hexokinase. The findings of study support the antidiabetic asserts of Citrullus colocynthis....
A review of publications on antidiabetic activity of Nigerian-grown plants from 1977 to 2009 was undertaken. In all, 61 plants which belonged to 56 genera occurring in 33 families investigated in the last 32 years were documented. Eight families were frequently investigated, the Rutaceae and Euphorbiaceae being represented by 5 plants each; Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Loranthaceae by 4 plants each; while 3 plants each were reported for Anacardiaceae, Moraceae and Cucurbitaceae. Prominent plants include Zingiber officinale, Anacardium occidentale, Bridelia ferruginea, Ceiba pentandra, Dioscorea dumetorum, Spondias mombin, Parkia biglobosa and Stachytarpheta cayennensis. Bioactive compounds have been isolated from Ceiba pentandra, Clausena lansium, Dioscorea dumetorum, Garcinia kola, Mangifera indica, Momordica foetida, Murraya koenigii, Spondias mombin and Stachytarpheta cayennensis....
India has become the diabetic capital of the world with highest number of patients suffering from this metabolic disorder affecting children, youth and senior citizens of our country. Therefore, this project was undertaken to investigate the potential of grape root in the management of Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats. We investigated the anti-diabetic activity of 95% ethanolic extract of roots of Vitis vinifera (commonly known as Angoor). The dose 500 mg/kg of body weight appeared to be the effective dose as it caused the maximum lowering of the fasting blood glucose, in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Type II diabetic rats. The maximum hypoglycemic effect was observed at the 4th h to which the study has been conducted. Administration of the effective dose of the extract to diabetic rats for 15 days showed favorable effects not only on fasting blood glucose, but also on cholesterol and liver glycogen levels. Vitis vinifera reflected a high margin of safety, as no mortality was observed even after the administration of the extract at the dose of 5g/kg body weight. Thus Vitis vinifera root appears to be a promising candidate for developing a new Anti-diabetic remedy....
The extracts of seeds of Prosopis cineraria (Family Leguminosae) were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity in rats using glass rod granuloma method. The seeds of Prosopis cineraria were collected from the forest area of Gulbarga district., Karnataka. The dried powdered seeds (1000 gm) were extracted in a soxhlet apparatus by using different solvents, Rats weighing 130 gm were taken for the experiment, and oral toxicity testing was performed as per OECD guidelines. All data were analyzed with Dunnet’s test. The etahnolic and aqueous extracts of the seeds of Prosopis cineraria showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, when compared with control and standard drug indomethacin....
Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidative activities of Anthocephalus chinensis lamk (Rubiacea) extracts (methanol, chloroform and aqueous) were investigated. The methanol extract of the A. chinensis showed marked anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg was evaluated in carrageenan induced acute and formalin induced chronic inflammatory models in rats. The extracst showed remarkable antiinflammatory activity in both models, comparable to the standard reference drug diclofenac. The extracts of A. chinensisis fruit exhibited antioxidant properties at different concentrations when compared to standard (BHT) in the DPPH and NBT methods. The methanol extract exhibited the significant free radical scavenging activity. Results demonstrated that methanol extract of A. chinensis fruits may have the potential to be used as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant....
The present scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance among clinically isolated organisms has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from other sources including plants. . The present study evaluated the antimicrobial action of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (leaves), Psidium guajava (leaves), Punica granatum (leaves), Syzgium aromaticum (flower buds), Zingiber officinale (rhizomes), Piper nigrum (fruits) extracts on drug resistant pathogens. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem)(leaves), Psidium guajava(Guava) (leaves), Punica granatum(Pomegranate) (leaves), Syzgium aromaticum (Clove)(flower buds), Zingiber officinale(Ginger)(rhizomes), Piper nigrum (Pepper) extracts were found to inhibit methicillin sensitive and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus .Pseudomonas spp, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi showed sensitivity only to Syzgium aromaticum. All Candida spp. were found to be sensitive to both aqueous and ethanol extracts of Psidium guajava , Punica granatum, Syzgium aromaticum, Piper nigrum. Hence these extracts can be used as antimicrobial agents in new drugs for therapy of infectious diseases in humans...
The antioxidative phytochemicals in medicinal plants have received increasing attention for their potential role in prevention of human diseases The antioxidant potential of the ethanolic & aqueous extract of leaves of Pongamia pinnata was assessed by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) & H2O2 reducing power and total phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) by Singleton and Rossi using Gallic acid as the calibration standard. Moreover Pongamia pinnata leaf ethanolic extract showed strong reducing power and significant antioxidant activity. In the H2O2 radical scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the Pongamia pinnata leaf ethanolic & aqueous extract was found to be 41.25 & 43.85 μg/mL respectively. The total phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau was found 55.7 & 31.3 mg/g of the ethanolic & aqueous extract respectively, while IC50 value of the Pongamia pinnata ethanolic & aqueous extract with respect to DPPH is found to be 432.08 & 448.18. More in vitro and in vivo studies along with detailed photochemical investigation are needed in the hope to can use these species (crude extract, fractions, sub-fractions or pure compounds) in the prevention and therapies of diseases in which oxidants or free radicals are involved...
Essential oils from three Citrus species- peel and leaf of Citrus aurantifolia and C. reticulata, and C. medica peel were investigated for activity against Trichomonas gallinae. All the five oils showed remarkable anti-trichomonal activity at 24 h. and 48 h. which could be attributed to the major terpene constituent, limonene. Peel oils of C. aurantifolia and C. reticulata were more active than their respective leaf oils, and therefore represent promising anti-trichomonal agents of natural origin....
The present study was designated to evaluate the antidermatophytic activities of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Syzygium aromaticum Merr and L.M Perry using Poisoned Food Technique. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of bark and flowering buds showed maximum inhibition against dermatophytes namely Epidermophyton floccosum Microsporum canis Microsporum fulvum Trichophyton mentagrophytes Trichophyton rubrum....
Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathology of many diseases such as inflammatory conditions, cancer, diabetes and aging. Hence an attempt was made to evaluate free radical scavenging activity, cytotoxic activity and polyphenolic content of methanolic extract of Calotropis procera flowers. Materials and methods: The free radical scavenging activity was estimated using in vitro models like 1,1,-diphenyl-2- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical. Cytotoxicity was analysed following MTT assay using Hep2 and Vero cell lines and polyphenols were estimated using standard methods. Two way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses. Result: The methanol extract of C.procera at 500µg/ml showed better scavenging activity in hydroxyl radical scavenging (66.03 %) which was followed by DPPH assay (50.82 %). The extract has 100 % cytotoxicity on Hep2 cell lines. Flavonoids were found to greater than phenols. Conclusion: It was suggested that the flowers of C.procera possess in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and having much therapeutic value....
The alcoholic extract of seeds and leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) was studied for hepatoprotective activity. The rats fed only on alcohol produced significant increase in the levels of enzyme markers of tissue damage viz. Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Antioxidant activity was studied by estimation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GTH). The activity was compared to the standard control Silymarin fed rats. Reversal of hepatic steatosis was observed both biochemically and histologically. Treatment with 250 mg/kg body weight of the extracts significantly reduced the levels of the enzyme markers which indicate hepatic tissue damage and oxidation of the cells....
A review on Swine flu and its possible herbal remedies was undertaken. A swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus is currently responsible for an outbreak of infections in the human population, with laboratory-confirmed cases reported in several countries and clear evidence for human-to-human transmission. It is termed as H1N1 flu because, it is mainly found infecting human beings & exhibits two main surface antigens, viz. H1 (Hem agglutinin type1) and N1 (Neuraminidase type1). This sub type of Influenza A [H1N1], was first reported in Mexico on 18th March, 2009 and then spread to neighbouring United States and Canada. As on 8th June, 2009, World Health Organization has reported 25,288 laboratory confirmed cases of influenza A/H1N1 infection with 139 deaths from 73 countries spread over America, Europe, Asia and Australian continent. This article provides a brief review of the potential of swine influenza viruses, its possible transmission, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests and used drug regimens with potential herbal drugs possessing activity against it. This will helps researchers for getting the recent updates of this particular disease directly or indirectly....
The present study was designed to screen solvent extracts of Capparis zeylanica Linn. for free radical scavenging activity in vitro. The course material of Capparis zeylanica leaves was successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous. The free radicals used were DPPH, Hydroxyl radical, Hydrogen peroxide, Nitric oxide, lipid peroxide, superoxide, Phenazine Methosulphate-NADH method, Xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, Pyrogallol autooxidation, cytochrome C, total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and Reducing power. Hexane showed high antioxidant activity when compared to the other three extracts. Least activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract for all the parameters studied....
The present study is to investigate the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of flowers of Spathodea campanulata through nitric oxide radical, superoxide radical scavenging assay and phosphomolybdonum method. Ethanol extract of flowers of Spathodea campanulata showed significant dose dependent antioxidant activity, with a direct relationship between activity and concentration of extract. The extract showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, with IC50 values of 175 and 246 µg/mL respectively. Total antioxidant capacity was found to be 50 and 500 µg/mL of Spathodea campanulata extract and was equivalent to 8.42 and 148.8 µg/mL of α-Tocopherol. At 500µg/mL nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenging assay showed maximum inhibition of 74 and 79% respectively. The extract showed significant activity in all assay when compared to the standard antioxidants. These results clearly indicate that the Spathodea campanulata flowers is a potential antioxidant and nitric oxide and superoxide radicals scavenging activity....
Plants have been the source of medicines for thousands of years, species of the genus Piper are among the important medicinal plants used in various systems of medicine.The Piper longum fruit, used in traditional remedies as well as in the Ayurvedic system of medicine against many disorders. Though there are various indications for its use, controlled trials are needed to determine its real efficacy. The phytochemicals isolated from various parts of piper longum are piperine, piperlongumine, sylvatin, sesamin ,diaeudesmin piperlonguminine, pipermonaline and piperundecalidine. Piper longum is most commonly used to treat chronic bronchitis, asthma, Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, good for constipation, for gonorrhea, paralysis of the tongue, advised in diarrhea, cholera, chronic malaria and viral hepatitis, respiratory infections, stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of the spleen, cough, tumors, and asthma. The up-to-date information on the phytochemistry of Piper longum fruit and its clinical applications have been complied in this review article....
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is a phenomenon whereby cellular damage in a hypoxic organ is accentuated following the restoration of oxygen delivery. Wistar rats of either sex (250-300 gm) were treated for 15 days with alcoholic extract of Berberis aristata (250mg/kg-500mg/kg) prior to ischemic reperfusion. After 15 days ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein for 25 minutes and reperfusion for 40 minutes by unclamping. Liver was dissected out to prepare homogenate to measure level of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Vitamin C and Protein estimation, Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Animals subjected to ischemic reperfusion without any treatment were included as model control and animals treated with Silymarin were included as a standard. Animals subjected to ischemic reperfusion without any treatment showed higher level of oxidative enzymes and lower level of protective enzymes as compare to the animals treated with alcoholic extract of Berberis aristata roots. In the histopathology there was a protection against the injury produced by ischemic reperfusion in the animals treated with alcoholic extract of Berberis aristata....
Inflammatory bowel disease is one of the most important risk factor in the development of colon cancer. Various inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and abnormal glycosaminoglycans are responsible for the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Gardenia gummifera on experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Wistar rats of either sex (250-300gm) were treated for 7 days with alcoholic extract of Gardenia gummifera (100mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) prior to administration of DNBS (2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid). After 7 days DNBS was given intrarectally to each animals and treatment was continued for 21 days. Body weight, food intake, water intake, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), mast cell protection, colon weight, colon length and histopathology based grading system like disease activity index, colon mucosa damage index were carried out after 21 days. The rats treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid were included as a standard. The rats treated with alcoholic extract of Gardenia gummifera and 5-aminosalicylic acid showed lower level of oxidative enzymes like malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) and higher of protective enzyme like superoxide dismutase (SOD) as compared to model control groups (DNBS treated). Alcoholic extract of Gardenia gummifera and standard (5-ASA) produced significant mast cell protection as well as significant protection in histopathology as compared to alone DNBS treated animals....
A simple sensitive HPTLC method developed for the determination of β-sitosterol in the seeds of Mucuna pruriens extract. The stationary phase was precoated silica gel F254. The mobile phase used was ethyl acetate: hexane (6: 4 v/v). The plate was scanned and quantified at 400 nm for β-sitosterol. The proposed HPTLC method provides a faster and cost effective quantitative analysis of β-sitosterol in Mucuna pruriens extracts....
Cestrum diurnum possessing ursolic acid as major active constituent was standardized and evaluated for antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. The methanolic extract of leaves of C. diurnum (CDM) showed antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide. The CCl4 treated rats showed a significant alteration in the levels of hepatoprotective (ALAT, ASAT and LDH) and antioxidant (CAT, LPO and Glu-T) parameters. Administration of CDM (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 7 days, p.o.) to CCl4 treated rats showed dose-dependent effect. CDM (200 and 400 mg/kg) mitigate the biochemical changes caused by CCl4 treatment and CDM-400 mg/kg results were comparable to standard silymarin....
A Preclinical trial was conducted to study the effect of topical administration of ethanolic extract of the Lawsonia ulba linn., on the healing of burn wounds. The burn wound was created by using a rod of 2.5 cm diameter, which was heated to 80-85oC for 20 seconds. The control rats were undressed and the standard drug treated rats were dressed with soframycin., while experimental rats were dressed with plant extract ointment. The plant extract treated wound healed much faster as indicated by improved rate of contraction and a decreased period of epithelialization. Biochemical studies revealed a significantly increase in Hydroxy proline, Hexosamine, Super Oxide Dismutase and also reduced the Lipid Per Oxide in the granulation tissues of plant extract treated wounds when compared with control and standard drug. From the result, it has been concluded that, the ethanolic extract of Lawsonia ulba linn ., has greater wound healing activity....
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